{ "title": "BLADE-CUAS Governance Node: Authority Governance for Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations Under Multi-Agency Authority Structures", "version": "2.0", "publication_date": "2026-05-20", "upload_type": "software", "description": "BLADE-CUAS is the sixth platform in the BLADE family of authority governance reference architectures, instantiating the AUTHREX governance framework for Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) operations under the multi-agency authority structure established by Executive Order 14305, the FY26 NDAA Title LXXXVI Safer Skies Act, and the FEMA Counter-UAS Grant Program. The reference design provides a four-tier Hierarchical Multi-Attribute Authority (HMAA) model encoding the federal-SLTT handoff structure, Dempster-Shafer multi-modal sensor consensus through the MAIVA stage, a court-admissible evidence chain designed to support Federal Rules of Evidence 901, 902, and 803(6) foundation requirements, an engagement-risk-aware FLAME deliberation window, and ADARA-extended Remote ID spoofing detection. Approximately 75 percent of the architecture is reused unchanged from the BLADE-EDGE baseline. A deterministic browser simulation implements six scripted scenarios plus free-play mode. All work is fundamental research published openly under NSDD-189.", "creators": [ { "name": "Oktenli, Burak", "affiliation": "AUTHREX Systems, Washington, DC, United States", "orcid": "0009-0001-8573-1667" } ], "keywords": [ "Counter-UAS", "C-UAS", "authority governance", "Executive Order 14305", "Safer Skies Act", "federal-SLTT authority", "Hierarchical Multi-Attribute Authority", "HMAA", "evidence chain", "Federal Rules of Evidence", "Dempster-Shafer", "MAIVA", "FLAME", "ADARA", "ECDSA P-256", "Remote ID", "ASTM F3411", "AUTHREX", "BLADE", "DoDD 3000.09", "NIST SP 800-53", "FIPS 186-5", "FIPS 140-2", "MIL-STD-810G", "MIL-STD-461G", "RTCA DO-365", "fundamental research", "NSDD-189" ], "subjects": [ { "term": "Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems", "identifier": "https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2014002340" }, { "term": "Autonomy in weapon systems" }, { "term": "Federal Rules of Evidence" } ], "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "access_right": "open", "communities": [ { "identifier": "authrex" } ], "related_identifiers": [ { "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.19177472", "relation": "isDerivedFrom", "resource_type": "software", "description": "BLADE-EDGE Governance Node — architectural baseline reused (~75%)" }, { "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.19232130", "relation": "isPartOf", "resource_type": "software", "description": "BLADE-AV Governance Node (sister platform)" }, { "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.19246785", "relation": "isPartOf", "resource_type": "software", "description": "BLADE-MARITIME Governance Node (sister platform)" }, { "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.19277887", "relation": "isPartOf", "resource_type": "software", "description": "BLADE-INFRA Governance Node (sister platform)" }, { "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.20183269", "relation": "isPartOf", "resource_type": "software", "description": "BLADE-SPACE Governance Node (sister platform)" }, { "identifier": "https://burakoktenli.com/blade-cuas.html", "relation": "isDocumentedBy", "resource_type": "publication", "description": "Reference page on author portfolio" }, { "identifier": "https://authrex.systems", "relation": "isPartOf", "resource_type": "other", "description": "AUTHREX governance framework primary site" } ], "references": [ "Executive Order 14305 — Restoring American Airspace Sovereignty, signed 6 June 2025.", "FY26 NDAA Title LXXXVI — Safer Skies Act, P.L. 119-60, signed 18 December 2025.", "P.L. 119-21 §90005(a) — FEMA Counter-UAS Grant Program authorization.", "DoDD 3000.09 — Autonomy in Weapon Systems.", "RTCA DO-365 — Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Detect and Avoid Systems.", "ASTM F3411-22a — Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.", "Federal Rules of Evidence — Rules 901, 902, 803(6).", "FIPS 186-5 — Digital Signature Standard.", "FIPS 140-2 — Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules.", "MIL-STD-810G — Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests.", "MIL-STD-461G — EMI Characteristics Requirements.", "NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 — Security and Privacy Controls.", "NSDD-189 — National Policy on the Transfer of Scientific, Technical, and Engineering Information, 1985." ], "language": "eng", "notes": "DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Hardware design is reference only at TRL 2-3; simulation at TRL 3-4. Fundamental research published openly under NSDD-189 protections. No information regulated under ITAR or EAR in a manner that would require licensing. DOI placeholder is replaced with the assigned DOI on Zenodo publication.", "method": "Reference architecture design with deterministic browser-native simulation (v4.0). The reference simulation uses a seeded xoshiro128** pseudo-random number generator (128-bit state, period 2^128-1; no Math.random) and a synchronous SHA-256 hash chain computed over a canonical-form (sorted-key, fixed-precision) state serialization that verifies byte-identically across JavaScript engines; the SHA-256 implementation is byte-exact against FIPS 180-4 reference vectors. Multi-modal fusion uses a true Dempster-Shafer combination with Yager's rule for high-conflict cases. The production reference design specifies an additional ECDSA P-256 signature per ledger entry at the equivalent point. Six scripted scenarios plus free-play mode demonstrate the nine-stage AUTHREX pipeline; a 300-run Monte Carlo batch confirms zero false tier elevations and zero false authority releases. The simulator was hardened across four independent external technical V&V audits (composite scores 4.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.4 of 10).", "files_summary": [ { "filename": "blade-cuas.html", "type": "reference page", "format": "HTML" }, { "filename": "blade-cuas-simulation.html", "type": "interactive simulation (v4.0)", "format": "HTML" }, { "filename": "ICD-CUAS-001-v1.0.pdf", "type": "interface control document", "format": "PDF", "pages": 26 }, { "filename": "BLADE-CUAS-Capability-Brief-v1.0.pdf", "type": "capability brief", "format": "PDF", "pages": 8 }, { "filename": "BLADE-CUAS-SSRN-WP.pdf", "type": "working paper", "format": "PDF", "pages": 10 }, { "filename": "README.md", "type": "documentation", "format": "Markdown" }, { "filename": "CITATION.cff", "type": "citation metadata", "format": "CFF 1.2.0" }, { "filename": "LICENSE", "type": "license", "format": "text" }, { "filename": "metadata.json", "type": "structured metadata", "format": "JSON" } ] }